What is the difference between oligarchy and democracy, and how did each function in their respective city-states?

• A. Oligarchy is rule by the many; democracy is rule by a few; Athens oligarchy and Sparta democracy with mixed elements.
• B. Oligarchy is rule by the priests; democracy is rule by the merchants.
• C. Oligarchy is rule by a few elites; democracy is rule by the many; Athens practiced democracy, Sparta practiced oligarchy with mixed elements.
• D. Oligarchy and democracy are identical.

Answer: (C)